Compare Monaco (2004) - Korea, North (2004)

Compare Monaco (2004) z Korea, North (2004)

	Monaco (2004)	Korea, North (2004)

Administrative divisions	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo	9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (si, singular and plural) provinces: Chagang-do (Chagang), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae), Kangwon-do (Kangwon), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan), Yanggang-do (Yanggang) municipalites: Kaesong-si (Kaesong), Najin Sonbong-si (Najin), Namp'o-si (Namp'o), P'yongyang-si (Pyongyang)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 24.6% (male 2,836,991; female 2,755,127) 15-64 years: 67.8% (male 7,575,590; female 7,812,878) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 583,463; female 1,133,504) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	none	rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs
Airports	none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2003) (2003 est.)	78 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 35 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2003 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 43 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 8 (2003 est.)
Area	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 120,540 sq km land: 120,410 sq km water: 130 sq km
Area - comparative	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Mississippi
Background	Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.	An independent kingdom under Chinese suzerainty for most of the past millennium, Korea was occupied by Japan in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War; five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split, with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored Communist domination. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed republic in the southern portion by force, North Korea under its founder President KIM Il Sung adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic "self-reliance" as a check against excessive Soviet or Communist Chinese influence and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM's son, the current ruler KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as KIM's future successor in 1980 and assumed a growing political and managerial role until his father's death in 1994, when he assumed full power without opposition. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the North since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international food aid to feed its population while continuing to expend resources to maintain an army of about 1 million. North Korea's long-range missile development and research into nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community. In December 2002, following revelations it was pursuing a nuclear weapons program based on enriched uranium in violation of a 1994 agreement with the United States to freeze and ultimately dismantle its existing plutonium-based program, North Korea expelled monitors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and in January 2003 declared its withdrawal from the international Non-Proliferation Treaty. In mid-2003 Pyongyang announced it had completed the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel rods (to extract weapons-grade plutonium) and was developing a "nuclear deterrent." Since August 2003 North Korea has participated in six-party talks with the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia to resolve the stalemate over its nuclear programs.
Birth rate	9.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	16.77 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995)	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Capital	Monaco	Pyongyang
Climate	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers	temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer
Coastline	4.1 km	2,495 km
Constitution	17 December 1962	adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992 and September 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco	conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea conventional short form: North Korea local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk local short form: none note: the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country abbreviation: DPRK
Currency	euro (EUR)	North Korean won (KPW)
Death rate	12.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	6.99 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	NA (2000 est.)	$12 billion (1996 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco	none (Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang represents the US as consular protecting power)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York	none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York
Disputes - international	none	with China, certain islands in Yalu and Tumen rivers are in uncontested dispute; a section of boundary around Paektu-san (mountain) is indefinite; China has been attempting to stop mass illegal migration of North Koreans escaping famine, economic privation, and oppression into northern China; Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic maritime disputes with South Korea
Economic aid - recipient	NA	$NA; note - over $133 million in food aid through the World Food Program in 2003 plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations
Economy - overview	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.	North Korea, one of the world's most centrally planned and isolated economies, faces desperate economic conditions. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment and spare parts shortages. Industrial and power output have declined in parallel. The nation has suffered its tenth year of food shortages because of a lack of arable land, collective farming, weather-related problems, and chronic shortages of fertilizer and fuel. Massive international food aid deliveries have allowed the regime to escape mass starvation since 1995-96, but the population remains the victim of prolonged malnutrition and deteriorating living conditions. Large-scale military spending eats up resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. In 2003, heightened political tensions with key donor countries and general donor fatigue threatened the flow of desperately needed food aid and fuel aid as well. Black market prices continued to rise following the increase in official prices and wages in the summer of 2002, leaving some vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and unemployed, less able to buy goods. The regime, however, relaxed restrictions on farmers' market activities in spring 2003, leading to an expansion of market activity.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	27.91 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	30.01 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m	lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m
Environment - current issues	NA	water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; water-borne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%	racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	official: North Korean won per US dollar - 150 (December 2002), 2.15 (December 2001), 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990); market: North Korean won per US dollar - 300-600 (December 2002), 200 (December 2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government	chief of state: KIM Jong Il (since July 1994); note - on 3 September 2003, rubberstamp Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) reelected KIM Jong Il Chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position accorded nation's "highest administrative authority"; SPA reelected KIM Yong Nam President of its Presidium also with responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials; SPA appointed PAK Pong Ju Premier head of government: Premier PAK Pong Ju (since 3 September 2003); Vice Premiers KWAK Pom Gi (since 5 September 1998), JON Sung Hun (since 3 September 2003), RO Tu Chol (since 3 September 2003) cabinet: Cabinet (Naegak), members, except for the Minister of People's Armed Forces, are appointed by the SPA elections: election last held in September 2003 (next to be held in September 2008) election results: KIM Jong Il and KIM Yong Nam were only nominees for positions and ran unopposed
Exports	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); textiles and fishery products
Exports - partners	-	South Korea 28.5%, China 28.4%, Japan 24.7% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star
GDP	purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)	purchasing power parity - $29.58 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA (2001 est.)	agriculture: 30.2% industry: 33.8% services: 36% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA (2000 est.)	1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 44 N, 7 24 E	40 00 N, 127 00 E
Geography - note	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban	strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated and sparsely populated
Heliports	1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2003 est.)	19 (2003 est.)
Highways	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)	total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China
Imports	$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment; textiles, grain
Imports - partners	-	China 39.7%, Thailand 14.6%, Japan 11.2%, Germany 7.6%, South Korea 6.2% (2002)
Independence	1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)	15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA
Industries	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products	military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 24.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA (2000)	NA (2003 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO	ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	14,600 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)	Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)
Labor force	30,540 (January 1994)	9.6 million
Labor force - by occupation	-	agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%
Land boundaries	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km	total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)	arable land: 20.76% permanent crops: 2.49% other: 76.75% (2001)
Languages	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque	Korean
Legal system	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3	unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 August 2003 (next to be held in August 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; the KWP approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; some seats are held by minor parties
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.42 years male: 75.53 years female: 83.5 years (2004 est.)	total population: 71.08 years male: 68.38 years female: 73.92 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 99% male: NA female: NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99%
Location	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy	Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea
Map references	Europe	Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm note: military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned
Merchant marine	none	total: 203 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 921,577 GRT/1,339,929 DWT by type: bulk 6, cargo 166, combination bulk 2, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: Albania 1, Belize 1, Bolivia 1, Cambodia 3, Cyprus 1, Egypt 3, Germany 1, Greece 4, Italy 1, Lebanon 2, Marshall Islands 1, Pakistan 1, Portugal 1, Romania 8, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Syria 9, Tanzania 1, Tunisia 1, Turkey 5, Ukraine 2, United States 3 registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	-	Korean People's Army (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Civil Security Forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$5,217.4 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	22.9% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 6,181,038 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 3,694,855 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 189,014 (2004 est.)
National holiday	National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November	Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)
Nationality	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan	noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean
Natural hazards	NA	late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall
Natural resources	none	coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
Net migration rate	7.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	oil 154 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]	major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Il, general secretary]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong, chairwoman] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae, chairman] (under KWP control)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	32,270 (July 2004 est.)	22,697,553 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA
Population growth rate	0.44% (2004 est.)	0.98% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Monaco	Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)	AM 16, FM 14, shortwave 12 (1999)
Railways	-	total: 5,214 km standard gauge: 5,214 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2003)
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%	traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	17 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Russian (Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing
Telephones - main lines in use	33,700 (2002)	1.1 million (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	19,300 (2002)	NA
Television broadcast stations	5 (1998)	38 (1999)
Terrain	hilly, rugged, rocky	mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Total fertility rate	1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)	2.2 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	3.1% (1998)	NA (2003)
Waterways	-	2,250 km note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)

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